Cataloguing in Quria

General information

Quria is an international library system where the metadata structure is based on the FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) standard, developed by IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions). Accordingly, we recommend the international cataloguing standard RDA (Resource Description & Access) for cataloguing in Quria, since the RDA standard is also based on FRBR.

See also: Conceptual model - Collections

RDA is an international standard where national adaptation is common, which entails that Axiell does not provide specific recommendations for cataloguing in Quria. The explanations, tips and instructions regarding fields in Quria that are covered in the coming sections are not to be considered as cataloguing rules.

RDA is found in the online tool RDA Toolkit. RDA Toolkit is available via subscripting via www.rdatoolkit.org.

Swedish libraries that are members of Libris may contact Libris customer services for access to RDA Toolkit.

ISBD punctuation

ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) punctuation should be used very restrictively in Quria, as the linked data format implies that the system itself creates punctuation for display and when exporting from the data format. There are a few exceptions when usage of ISBD may be beneficial. This is clarified in the instructions for some specific fields in the following sections: Statement of responsibility and Edition

Match and merge rules for import of MARC-records

When a MARC record is imported to Quriait is transformed to Qurias format and matched against the data that already exists in the catalogue. The matching process is performed in several steps.

First the so-called Identifier for the manifestation is compared. The identifier for the manifestation is the value that often is called record id (MARC-field 001) in combination with the supplier of the record (for example Libris, DNB, Bibbi). This is used for avoiding duplicates when you have a supplier that sends you updates on catalogue records you already have, if you manually import records to get the latest versions of them or if you accidentally import a record that you already have in the catalogue.

Then a full so called Work-Expression-Manifestation (WEM) match is made. This routine creates the links between the works and their expressions and manifestations.

Further down on this page you can read detailed information about what happens during these steps, and what data that is required in the records in order for Quriato be able to create the links. Quriais dependent of the raw data in the MARC records, and if it’s not correct, the matching can be done wrong.

Examples of the most common errors and the most common explanations to them:

Separate works are created, in cases where it seems they should have been matched.

  • Original title is missing

  • Creator is spelled differently

  • Work type is unknown

  • Creator is missing

Separate expressions are created in cases where they should have been matched

  • Contributor (translator, narrator etc) is missing or is not recorded in field 700

  • Language is missing

  • Expression type is unknown

Separate titles are merged in to one work

  • This is often caused by a cataloguing praxis where a series title is written in the field for main title (245 a) without any other information that distinguishes the works from each other.

  • This can also happen in cases of when a translation of a title where the original is published in one volume and the translations in several volumes. The work title is then common for several volumes. Those errors occurs often in manga-series and fantasy novels, but can also affect other material.

Match and merge, step by step

Step 1.  Identifier for the manifestation

At first, the so-called Identifier for the manifestation in the incoming records is compared to identifiers that already exists in Quria. A manifestation can have several identifiers. An Identifier for the manifestation consists of several parts and is built up from MARC21-field 001+003 and/or 035.

This example record has 2 identifiers:

*00009459cam a22005537i 4500

*00119983205

*003SE-LIBR

*00520201116103129.0

*008170110s2016    gw a||||||||||001 0|ger|d

*020  $a9783110457964$q(hardbound)

*035  $a(OCoLC)ocn953768170

In Qurias format this example looks like this:

IdentifierValue: "19983205”

IdentifierAssigner: "SE-LIBR"

IdentifierValue: " ocn953768170”

IdentifierAssigner: " OCoLC”

This manifestation has then 2 Identifiers for the manifestation

 

If an imported record matches one of the Identifiers for the manifestation (value + named assigner/source) of a existing manifestation, the new record is considered as an update of that manifestation.

This means that the work, expression and manifestation is updated with information from this new record. See the merge information for every level below.

If the incoming record doesn’t match one of the Identifiers for the manifestation (value + assigner) of a existing manifestation, step 2 is performed.

Step 2.  WEM-match

If no match on Identifier for the manifestation is made, the next step is to perform the so called WEM-match.

Important: This step is not performed for records without a creator (MARC field 100, 110 or 111). For these records, step 3 below is the next step.

WORK

Match

First, Quriachecks if this record can be matched against an existing work. The matching criterias for work are:

1. Title (MARC: 240 a, if no 240 – use 245 a)

2. Creator (MARC: 100 a/110 a/111 a)

3. Work type (Based on RDA Content type that comes in MARC 336 a/b or is calculated from MARC leader (field 000) position 6.)

All three elements must match. This means that the three values in an existing work in Quriamust match the three values in the incoming record.

Example of two records that are considered as the same work:

*00020875cam a2203721 i 4500

*00120750532

*008170426s2017    sw            000 f eng d

*020  $a978-0-09-951166-3

*08204$a813.54$223

*1001 $aAtwood, Margaret,$d1939-$4aut

*24510$aThe handmaid's tale/$cMargaret Atwood

*264 1$aLondon$b Vintage Classic$c 2010

*000

*00121689762

*008171011s2018    sw |||||||||||000 f|swe|c

*020  $a9789113082905$qpocket

*0411 $aswe$heng

*08204$a823$222 (machine generated)

*1001 $aAtwood, Margaret,$d1939-$4aut

*24014$aThe handmaid's tale.$lSvenska

*24510$aTjänarinnans berättelse /$cMargaret Atwood ; översättning: Maria Ekman.

*264 1$a[Stockholm] :$bNorstedts,$c2018

*300  $a363 sidor$c18 cm

*336  $atext$btxt$2rdacontent

*337  $aunmediated$bn$2rdamedia

*338  $avolume$bnc$2rdacarrier

*7001 $aEkman, Maria,$d1944-$4trl

 

Merge

If a matching work is found, the new work elements are merged with the existing work as follows:

• DateOfWork is updated with earliest DateOfWork

• Repeatable elements are added (if they do not already exist)

• Existing non-repeatable elements are updated

• Non-repeatable elements are added if they do not exist.

If a matching work is not found, a new work, expression and manifestation is created.

Repeatable work elements:

Classifications, Subjects (all), Genres, Medium of performance, Relationships, Notes on resource, Descriptions

Non-repeatable work elements:

Title, Work type, Creator, Date of work.

 

EXPRESSION

Match

Then Quria checks if this record can be matched against an existing expression. The matching criterias for expressions are:

1. Expression type (Calculated from RDA Content type)

2. RDA Content type (MARC: 336 a/b. If 336 is not present, leader 000/06 is used to set RDA Content type)

3. Language (MARC: 1st hand 008/35-37, 2nd 041$a)

4. Contributor(s): (MARC 700/710/711)

All four elements must match. This means that if, for example language is missing in the incoming record, there will be no match and the new record will create a new expression. The expressions are also matched/merged if an incoming record has the same ISBN as one of the underlying manifestations.

Example of two records that are considered as the same expression:

*00015739cam a2202785 i 4500

*00121689762

*008171011s2018    sw |||||||||||000 f|swe|c

*020  $a9789113082905$qpocket

*0411 $aswe$heng

*08204$a823$222 (machine generated)

*1001 $aAtwood, Margaret,$d1939-$4aut

*24014$aThe handmaid's tale.$lSvenska

*24510$aTjänarinnans berättelse /$cMargaret Atwood ; översättning: Maria Ekman.

*264 1$a[Stockholm] :$bNorstedts,$c2018

*300  $a363 sidor$c18 cm

*336  $atext$btxt$2rdacontent

*337  $aunmediated$bn$2rdamedia

*338  $avolume$bnc$2rdacarrier

*7001 $aEkman, Maria,$d1944-$4trl

*00020875cam a2203721 i 4500

*00120750532

*008170426s2017    sw            000 f swe d

*020  $a 9789113082905$qpocket

*0411 $aswe$heng

*08204$a813.54$223/swe

*1001 $aAtwood, Margaret,$d1939-$4aut

*24014$aThe handmaid's tale.$lSvenska

*24510$aTjänarinnans berättelse /$cMargaret Atwood ; översättning: Marie Ekman.

*264 1$aStockholm:$bNorstedts,$c2017

*7001 $aEkman, Maria,$d1944-$4trl

 

Merge

If a matching expression is found, the new expression elements are merged with the existing expression as follows:

• Created year is updated with earliest CreatedYear

• If title in 245 differs from the existing expression title, the expression gets updated with the"new" title

• Repeatable elements are added (if they do not already exist)

• Existing non-repeatable elements are updated

• Non-repeatable elements are added if they do not exist

Repeatable expression elements:

Contributor, Other languages, Variant titles of the expression, Notes on resource

Non-repeatable expression elements:

Title, RDA Content type, Expression type, Created year

 

MANIFESTATION

Match

The last step in the WEM-match is to match the manifestation. The matching criterias for manifestations are:

1. Manifestation type

2. RDA Media type

3. RDA Carrier type

4. Title (MARC: 245 a)

5. Publication year (from the Publication event entity, field Date start that comes from MARC 260 c/264 c) (except for periodicals)

6. ISBN (if the imported record has more than one ISBN at least one of these has to match).

All elements must match. This means that if, for example publication year is missing in the incoming record, there will be no match and the new record will create a new manifestation.

 

Merge

If a matching manifestation is found, the new manifestation elements are merged with the existing manifestation as follows:

• Repeatable elements are added (if they do not already exist)

• Existing non-repeatable elements are updated

• Non-repeatable elements are added if they do not exist

Repeatable manifestation elements:

Other title information, Name of part, Number of part, Variant title, Edition, Publication information, International standard numbers, URLs, Series, Notes on resource, Intended audiences.

Non-repeatable manifestation elements:

Title, Statement of responsibility, Shelf mark, Target audience, Literary form, RDA Media type, RDA Carrier type, Extent, Duration, Player type, Caption, Duration, Accession date.

When a match on ISBN is found, the manifestation titles are compared.

• If the manifestation titles are the same, a manifestation merge is performed

• If the manifestation titles are different, a new work with expression and manifestation is created.

The comparison of the manifestation title is used in order to prevent unwanted merge of titles with wrong ISBN, or cases when the ISBNs of the single parts of a multipart monography are registered in a common entry that is imported to Quria.

 

Step 3. ISBN

If an imported record does not find a match during the WEM-match, ISBN is compared to the existing ISBNs in theQuria catalogue.

When a match is found, the manifestation titles are compared.

• If the manifestation titles are the same, a manifestation merge is performed

• If the manifestation titles are different, a new work with expression and manifestation is created.

The comparison of the manifestation title is used in order to prevent unwanted merge of titles with wrong ISBN, or cases when the ISBNs of the single parts of a multipart monography are registered in a common entry that is imported toQuria.

 

The manifestation types and other types

The manifestation types are based on a combination of Work type, Expression type and RDA Content, RDA Media and RDA Carrier.

RDA Content, RDA Media and RDA Carrier are picked up from the RDA fields in 336 a/b, 337 b and 338 b. If these fields are not present,Quria calculates them from the MARC21 control fields 000 and 007.

Example 1 (RDA catalogued MARC-record)

336  = spw becomes:

Work type: Words

RDA Content type: Spoken word

This combination results in the expression type: Listen to it

337 = audio or s - becomes RDA Media type ”Audio”

338 = audio disc or sd - becomes RDA Carrier type ”Audio disc”.

Together all this results in a manifestation type Audiobook - CD

 

Example 2  (not RDA catalogued MARC-record)

Leader (000) position 6 = i (Nonmusical sound recording) becomes

Work type: Words

RDA Content type ”Spoken word”

This combination results in the Expression type: Listen to it

007 position 0 = s (Sound recording) becomes RDA Media type ”Audio”

007 position 1 = d (Sound disc) becomes RDA Carrier type ”Audio disc”.

Together all this results in a manifestation type  Audiobook – CD